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African Powerpoint SH

Transcript: Landforms- Africa is the biggest of all the continents second to Asia. From the Mediterranean Sea (North) to the Cape of Good Hope (South), Africa is approximately 5,000 miles. Mountains run along the north coast of Africa. The Sahara, the biggest desert on Earth, is south of those mountains. It extends from the Indian Ocean all the way to the Atlantic. South of the Sahara then is separated into a variety of major areas. The hump of Africa is in the west. The Sahara turns into grasslands more inland and then into tropical jungles along the coast. Way over in the east the terrain is very different. It has snow-capped mountains, lakes, and upland plateaus. Plateaus are relatively high, flat land areas. Down south there are tropical rainforests, rivers, more hills and grasslands where wild animals live. Climate- There are four specific climate zones in Africa. 40% of Africa is covered by a climate zone produced from deserts. Warm temperatures, fertile land, and moderate rainfall make it possible for a copious amount of crops to be produced. This helps a fairly large population. The rain forest makes up the third climate zone and is about 10% of the continent. Heavy rains and warm temperatures make dense forests where few to no farming and traveling are possible. Broad Grasslands dotted with small trees and shrubs are called savannas. They make up forty-percent of Africa's land area. They get enough rainfall for farming but its rain is undependable. Civilizations- Around 7,000 or 8,000 years ago, hunters and gatherers began to tame animals and grow crops. Egypt, Kush, and Axum were Africa's first civilizations. They came to be from the Agricultural Revolution, or the mastery of farming. Kush was just an area south of Egypt known as Nubia who was under Egyptian control. A trade system had begun between them by 20000 B.C. It became an independent state around 1000 B.C. Kush then conquered Egypt in 750 B.C. Then in 663 B.C. they were overpowered by the Assyrians due to the lack of older materials and weapons, and returned to their home lands in the upper Nile valley. The economy was first based on farming. Then it soon became an important trading state in that region. It was a major trading empire for the next few hundred years. Kush thrived for about 1000 years from 250 B.C. to 150 B.C. It declined though because the rise of Axum. Axum was founded by Arabs and brought together Arab and African cultures. The Axumite ruler invaded and conquered Kush. The king made the Axum religion Christianity. Afer a few centuries, Islam brought intense challenges to the kingdom. Slavery- People who usually were debtors, captured in the war, and even some criminals were slaves. Some slaves had more of a hard time than others. A lot of them would usually work very long, straight hours on farmlands of their owners who were usually wealthy or a royal family. The other slaves probably were better off being a soldier. Different stories were told orally. Like a song or chant. One of the ritual hunting chants I read was one where the tribe leader would chant or sing the main parts, and then the tribe members would join in on the part they were supposed to join in on. Some of the stories told would be for pure entertainment and others would be life lessons. Sometimes the story would be both. Some stories would be an epic, or a long story of the protagonist and his or her ups and downs in life. Some were called proverbs, which were short brief sayings that conveys a common human truth or experience. An Epic of Old Mali- This is a story of a young man who at first had nothing but was destined to be great. He couldn’t walk until a specific day he was given an iron rod which helped him walk. After a few years he became a warrior and a conqueror. Because he had a weakness it became his greatest strength. He was able to know how it was to go from nothing to something that he could relate to others. The epic was relative to real world events that actually happened. Most Africans traditional religious beliefs and customs were commonly shared, specifically giving honor to their ancestors. Africa’s valuable natural cultural heritage was passed from one generation to the next through distinctive musical forms and storytelling. This is influencing world culture today. African music and culture has greatly affected American and International music. There are many similarities in the beats and tones we use in our music. Also, I thought it was interesting and very different from what I listen to. I noticed a lot of pieces don't have many words in them and if they did it was the same phrase over again. It's similar to the beats in the music that I listen to but it's different because I don't hear many tones in my music as I do in some of the pieces that I got to listen to. A visual I thought up was an African tribe in their villages, dancing around a campfire and celebrating something. I really enjoy the music. Early in Africa's culture, Art was a way

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